According to the characteristics of the clean room and its fire characteristics, in order to protect the safety of people's lives and property, minimize the loss in the fire, and facilitate the evacuation and rescue of personnel, we should follow the following principles in the fire protection design of the building.
1. Fire resistance grade and fire protection zone
It is not difficult to find from many clean room fire cases that it is necessary to strictly control the fire resistance grade of the building, and the fire resistance grade of the workshop is set as one and two when designing, so that the fire resistance of its building components is compatible with class A and Class B production workshops, thus greatly reducing the possibility of fire.
Limit the area between the firewall, set fire zones, one is to control the spread of fire, reduce fire losses; Second, it is easy to fight the fire, so that the fire personnel are easy to find the fire source at the scene, but also easy to evacuate safely. Designers in the design should fully consider the characteristics of the clean room, strictly control the fire zone, so that it can meet the standard requirements, China's current fire technical code has put forward clear requirements for the clean room fire zone, the clean room of class A and B production should be a single layer, the maximum allowable construction area of the fire zone, the single-layer workshop should be 3000 square meters. Multi-storey plant should be 2000 square meters; The maximum allowable construction area of the fire protection zone of the clean room of class C, D and E production shall comply with the provisions of the current Code for Fire Protection of Building Design. In addition, we should also pay special attention to the fire prevention treatment of the ceiling and siding of the clean room, the partition of the clean production area and the general production interval, and the technical shaft, requiring that it must use non-combustion materials, and the fire resistance limit should meet the requirements of the corresponding technical specifications.
2. Evacuate safely
In view of the characteristics of the clean room itself, we should fully consider the requirements for safe evacuation of personnel in the design, comprehensively analyze the evacuation flow, evacuation route, evacuation distance and other factors, through scientific calculation, select the best evacuation route, rationally arrange the safety exit and evacuation channel, and establish a safe evacuation structure system. Make it meet the purification route from the production site to the safety exit without twists and turns. In addition, because the clean room is mostly in a closed state and the natural lighting conditions are poor, it is necessary to set up fire accident lighting and emergency evacuation lighting in the plant, and obvious evacuation indication signs should be set at the corner of the safety exit, evacuation entrance and evacuation channel so that personnel can recognize the direction and quickly evacuate the accident scene.
3, heating ventilation and smoke control
The clean room is usually equipped with ventilation and air conditioning system, its purpose is to ensure the cleanliness of the air in the clean room, but it also brings a potential fire hazard, if the ventilation and air conditioning system is not properly handled, it will make the fireworks spread through the ventilation and air conditioning pipe network, causing the fire to expand. Therefore, in the design, we should reasonably set fire valves in the appropriate parts of the ventilation and air conditioning network according to the requirements of the code, and select the pipe network materials according to the requirements, and do a good job of the fire sealing of the pipe network through the wall and through the floor to prevent the fire from spreading with the ventilation and air conditioning system.
At the same time, because the clean room is relatively closed, it is not conducive to natural smoke exhaust. The emergency smoke exhaust system should be set up in the plant, and the mechanical smoke exhaust system with positive pressure air supply should be set up on the evacuation corridor to ensure that the smoke can be quickly discharged from the room and will not invade the evacuation corridor, so as to ensure that personnel can evacuate the fire site in time and safely.
4, fire facilities
The clean room is equipped with fire water supply, fire extinguishing equipment and automatic fire alarm system according to the standard requirements, mainly in order to discover the fire in time and eliminate the fire accident in the initial stage. For the clean room, due to its technical interlayer and lower interlayer for the return air space, we should consider when arranging the alarm probe, which is more conducive to timely detection of the fire. At the same time, for clean rooms with a large number of precision and valuable equipment, we can also introduce vesda this early warning air sampling alarm system, which alarms 3 to 4 hours in advance of the conventional alarm, greatly improving the fire detection ability, so as to achieve timely detection, rapid treatment, and reduce the fire loss to the minimum requirements.
5. Decoration project
In the clean room decoration, we must pay attention to the combustion performance of the decoration materials and minimize the use of some polymer synthetic materials to avoid a large amount of smoke when the fire occurs, which is not conducive to personnel escape. In addition, strict requirements should be made for the threading of electrical lines, and steel pipes should be used as far as possible in places where conditions exist to ensure that electrical lines do not become the way of fire spread.





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